Which condition is directly linked to a genetic abnormality?

Prader-Willi syndrome is a condition that is directly linked to a genetic abnormality, specifically a deletion of part of chromosome 15 or the absence of a paternal copy of that chromosome. The genetic basis of Prader-Willi syndrome leads to a range of symptoms, including cognitive impairment, behavioral issues, and a distinct set of physical characteristics. Understanding its genetic origins helps in managing the condition as it provides insight into its developmental and behavioral manifestations.

Cleft lip and palate can also have a genetic component, but they are often influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Specific language impairment is generally not attributed to a singular genetic abnormality, as it arises from a variety of factors influencing language development. Cerebral palsy, while potentially associated with genetic factors, primarily results from neurological injury or developmental issues, not solely from a genetic defect. Thus, Prader-Willi syndrome stands out as the condition that is unequivocally linked to a specific genetic abnormality.