What change does the head lift exercise primarily aim to produce in swallow biomechanics?

The head lift exercise, when implemented in swallowing therapy, primarily targets the biomechanics of swallowing by increasing the diameter and duration of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) opening. This exercise is designed to enhance the strength and coordination of the muscles involved in the swallowing mechanism, particularly those that control the UES, which plays a critical role in the transition of the bolus from the pharynx into the esophagus.

By performing the head lift exercise, the patient is encouraged to engage and strengthen the suprahyoid muscles, which can elevate the hyoid bone and consequently facilitate the opening of the UES. This results in a more effective swallow, allowing for larger volumes of food or liquid to pass through the UES, thereby reducing the risk of aspiration and improving overall swallowing safety and efficiency. The exercise is particularly beneficial for individuals with dysphagia who struggle with inadequate UES opening during swallowing.